论词缀法对词汇记忆的影响

Influence of Affixation on Vocabulary Memorization

摘 要

　　　词汇在英语学习的过程中起着至关重要的作用，在某种意义，语言学习者的语言能力取决于其词汇量的大小及对词汇的运用，而词汇的记忆又是词汇运用的基础。而中国的学生面临的现实却是他们在记忆英语上所花费的时间与其所能记忆的词汇量之间相差悬殊，投入高，产出低，效率抵下。因而如何提高英语单词的意义效率和保持率成了他们英语学习必须解决的重要现实问题。国内外的研究表明明确的词汇记忆策略制定有助于二语/外语词汇的学习和记忆。随着人类对语言本质规律认识的深入，人们已经认识到词汇是语言最重要的要素之一。语言学家威尔金斯（Wilkins ,1976）说；“没有语法，人们可表达的东西寥寥无几，而没有词汇则什么也不能表达”威多森(Widdowson)曾指出，在语言环境丰富的情况下，词汇和语法的交际功能相比，词汇是主要的，语法是次要的。只有在语境相对贫乏的情况下，语法对语言的输出和理解才起比较大的作用（转引自Carter&McCarthy,1988）.在他看来，语法的作用是调节性的，与词汇相比，它是服务于词汇的，词汇表达实际意义，语法表达关系意义。黒尼斯(Hayness)和贝克（Baker）认为二语学习者最大的困难不是阅读技巧，而是词汇量不够（转引自杨春红，2004：381）。当今的语言习得理论甚至认为语言学习的概念将可以和词汇学习的概念互换。也就是说，语言的学习就是词汇的学习，词汇的学习就是语言的学习

关键词:词汇；构词；词缀

Abstract

　　　Vocabulary plays a very important part in the English language learning ,which in a sense determines whether a language learner can develop their language competence .However ,the reality for Chinese students is that they have never stopped memorizing vocabulary ,but compared with the vocabulary that they can recall ,their efforts seem in vain .On the other hand, some researches show that explicit instruction on vocabulary learning strategies are found to facilitate second /foreign language vocabulary learning and recall . As human increasing understanding the nature of language in-depth, people have realized that vocabulary is the most important elements of the language. Without grammar very little can be conveyed; without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed (Wilkins, 1976) .Widdowson also said that In the case of a rich language environment, compared with vocabulary and grammar of the communicative function, vocabulary is more important than syntax. Only in the context of the relatively poor circumstances, the output of the syntax of the language and understanding of the role it played relatively large role. (Carter&McCarthy, 1988) In his opinion, the function of grammar is regulatory. Compared with the vocabulary, it is serving the vocabulary, the vocabulary to express the real meaning, grammatical express the relationship meaning. Hayness and Baker think that second Language Learners greatest difficulty is not reading skills, but their poor vocabulary.( Yangchunhong 2004：381) Today's language acquisition theory, even thought that the concept of language learning will be able to swap the places with learning the concepts of vocabulary ,that is to say, Language learning is vocabulary learning, vocabulary learning is language learning.　

Key words：vocabulary; word-formation; affix

注：本文全文为英语所写的英语论文。只有摘要是中英双语，全文为英文。