Abstract:Misunderstanding in our communication occurs from time to time beyond our expectation. We can carry the small misunderstanding off with a smile, but a serious misunderstanding will influence our relationship. It has been drawn much attention from scholars at home and aboard owing to it has the direct influence on the verbal communication. They adopted various approaches to study the misunderstanding phenomena from different perspectives based on their own purposes. In order to have more effective communication, the study of misunderstanding in our interaction is important and valuable.

　　　Having finished reading the related materials, the thesis paper attempts to do the study from the perspective of pragmatics. The study is based on the theoretical framework of Speech Act Theory. The Speech Act Theory is the foundation of the interaction. We can make a sensible communication through analyzing the locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act. Illocutionary act is the intended act behind saying something based on the cultural context and situational context. Therefore, the study also involves the conversational context.  

　　　Misunderstanding not only brings the negative way for us, sometimes it can produce humorous effects which can dynamic the atmosphere. The thesis paper also will mention some cases about this.

Key words: verbal communication; Speech Act Theory; misunderstanding

摘要:误解时不时地发生在人与人交际当中，小的误解可以一笑而过，但是严重一点的，则会影响到彼此的关系。由于它对言语交际有着直接性的影响，而引起了许多国内外学者的注意。他们根据自己的研究目标，采用不同的方法从不同的角度对误解现象进行了研究。

　　　通过阅读这方面的相关资料，本文试从语用学的角度，运用言语行为理论对言语交际中的误解现象进行描写与分析。言语行为理论是言语交际的基础。从言语行为理论为切入点，阐释每一个言语行为在言内行为，言外行为和言后行为不同层面上构成的有意义的语言交际。而人们之所以会产生误解，往往是因为没有理解说者的言外行为。言外行为是根据社会文化语境和情景语境去推导说话人的含义。因此本文也会在语境下去分析误解现象。当然，误解并不会只给我们带来消极的影响，有时它会产生幽默的效果，缓和周围的气氛。因此，本文中也会稍微提及到这一方面。

关键词:言语交际；言语行为理论；误解