摘  要:为了降低农民在玉米脱粒时劳动强度、提高工作效率,设计玉米脱粒机。一般说来，对脱粒机的要求是：脱得干净，果穗破碎少，并尽量减少谷粒暗伤。这对种子用谷粒尤为重要，否则影响其发芽率。本文设计是在市场已有的基础上进行改进和创新，机体体积小、重量轻、脱粒效率高、清选率高、糠末分离率高以及功率耗能小、总损失率小、破碎率低等特点， 且很适宜田间操作或场院操作。 使用它能减轻劳动强度 ，减少环境污染。该机主要有入料口、栅格式凹板和钉齿脱粒滚筒及传动部件等组成。以电动机为动力源，动力由电动机输出轴输出，再通过传动带传递到钉齿脱粒滚筒上，这里的钉齿脱粒滚筒在已有的基础上进行改进，对玉米进行平均数据统计，将钉齿脱粒滚筒根据玉米的尺寸，在一定的距离分别在钉齿下方安装弹簧，这样就可以更大程度上减少在脱粒过程中的卡死这个现象。为了减少脱离过程中果穗的破碎率，在钉齿上镀上一层薄胶，这样在脱粒过程中可减小玉米的破碎率，同时也增加摩擦，更助于对玉米的脱粒。钉齿脱粒滚筒配合栅格式凹板将玉米脱粒，玉米粒从栅格式凹板分离并排出机体外，而玉米芯从入料的另一端排出机体之外。

关键词：玉米脱粒机；钉齿脱粒滚筒；栅格式凹板

ABSTRACT:In order to reduce the labor intensity of farmers in the corn threshing. To improve work efficiency, design of corn thresher. Generally speaking, on the threshing machine requirements are: stripped clean, ear broken little, and reducing grain internal damage. The seed grain is particularly important, otherwise affect the rate of germination. In this paper, the design is improved and the innovation based on the existing body of the market, small volume, light weight, high threshing efficiency, high cleaning rate, high rate of separation and bran end of power consumption, the total loss rate, broken rate is low, and it is suitable for field operation or yard operation. It can reduce labor intensity, reduce the pollution of the environment. The machine is mainly a feeding port, a grid type concave plate and screw tooth threshing ≤drum and transmission parts. In a motor as the power source, the power from the motor output shaft output, and then transmitted to the nail tooth treshing drum through the drive belt, tooth threshing drum is improved on the basis hof the existing screw here, the average statistical data on corn, the nail tooth threshing cylinder based on corn size, at a certain distance in the nail tooth below the installation of spring, so it can be reduced to a greater extent in the threshing process card dead this phenomenon. In order to reduce the ear from the process of crushing rate, plating a thin layer of glue in the spike, so in the threshing process can reduce the broken rate of corn, but also increase the friction, but also help to the threshing of corn. Nail tooth threshing cylinder with a grid type concave plate will threshing of corn, corn grain from the grid type concave plate separation and is discharged in vitro, and the other end of corncob apart from feeding the exhausted body.

Keywords: Corn threshing machine; Nail tooth threshing cylinder; A grid type concave plate;