摘要:在小学数学课堂中，提问是最普遍的现象。在课堂上，教师的提问与学生的回答构成了最常见的师生互动。很多人认为师生之间的提问就是师生互动，其实不然，提问只是构成师生互动的一种主要方式，提问不等同于师生互动。师生之间的问答是师生互动，师生之间情感交流也是师生互动，师生互动并不局限于课堂上，也存在于课后师生的日常生活之中。虽然提问不等同于师生互动，但是，提问是构成师生互动的主要方式，影响着师生互动的有效进行，本研究将在基于师生互动的视角上，对教师提问的有效性进行研究。目前，针对小学数学这一学科，对教师提问的有效性进行的研究比较少。因此，笔者将基于师生互动的视角，对小学数学教师课堂提问的有效性进行研究。

　　　研究者通过发放调查问卷和课堂观察，对靖江市一所小学的三位数学老师的课堂进行1个月的研究，并且对三位教师所在班级的学生发放调查问卷。研究者的目的是：首先，进入小学数学课堂对教师的提问进行观察研究，对相应班级的学生发放调查问卷；其次，发现教师在提问过程中存在哪些问题；最后，对教师的提问提出改进意见。

　　　研究发现，目前小学数学课堂上教师的提问存在以下问题：1.封闭性问题的数量多于开放性问题；2.教师提问后等待的时间过短；3.教师反馈过于单调；4.教师提问数量过多；5.回答问题的方式主要是教师点名回答；6.学生不善于主动提问。基于对上述问题的分析，研究者从师生互动的角度，对问题设计、有效提问、提高学生参与度三个方面提出几点建议。

关键词 师生互动；有效提问；小学数学

Abstract:In elementary school mathematics classroom, questions are the most common phenomenon. In the classroom, teachers' questions and students’ answer constitute the most teacher-student interaction. Many people believe that questions between teachers and students are the teacher-student interaction, actually otherwise. Questions are just a major way of teacher-student interaction, and question is not the teacher-student interaction. Q & A between teachers and students is one of the teacher-student interaction, emotion exchanges between teachers and students is also teacher-student interaction, teacher-student interaction is not limited to the class, it also presents in the daily life after school. Although question is not the teacher-student interaction, questions constitute the main form of teacher-student interaction, it effect the teacher-student interaction. This study will research validity of teachers’ questions based on the perspective of the teacher-student interaction. Now the study on validity of teachers’ question about mathematics is relatively few. Therefore, this paper will research the validity of teachers’ question in primary mathematics class based on the perspective of the teacher-student interaction.    This researcher researches three math teachers’ classroom during a month in a primary school in Jingjiang through Issuance of questionnaires and classroom observation. The purpose of this study is: First, observing and studying the teachers’ questions in the mathematics classroom of primary school; second, finding the problems of teachers in the Q & A process; finally, raising suggestions for teachers' questions.    Study found that teachers’ questions in mathematics classroom of primary school have following problems: 1. Closed question is more than the number of open question; 2. The waiting time after teachers’ questions is too short; 3. Teacher feedback is too monotonous; 4. The number of teachers’ questions is excessive; 5. Main method of answer questions is teacher roll call; 6. Students don’t like to ask questions. Based on these issues, the researchers promote suggestions of the design; validity and improving student participation from the perspective of teacher-student interaction.

Keywords  Teacher-student interaction  Effective questioning  Primary mathematics

　　　互动是活跃课堂气氛的重要方式，教师掌握一定的提问技巧，既可以提高提问的有效性，也可以促进师生互动的有效进行。提问作为促进师生互动的有利工具，可以调动学生课堂参与的积极性，可以提高学生的思考水平，可以激发学生的好奇心，可以引发新的师生互动。

本研究的研究视角与前人的研究视角有所不同，本研究试图以小学数学课堂为例，在师生互动的基础上，研究教师提问的有效性，进一步研究提问和师生互动的关系。本研究试图解决教师提问中存在的问题，以及教师如何通过提问来促进师生互动。