[摘要]同伴关系是儿童社会化发展的重要背景，是满足儿童社会化需要、获得社会支持和安全感的源泉，影响着小学生心理发展与社会化成长。与幼儿相比，小学儿童相互交往的更为平凡，形式和内容也日趋复杂多样和深刻。作为学生，小学生的学业成绩也是家长、学校及社会各界尤为关注的方面。介于此，本研究把小学生的同伴关系与学业成绩的关系作为研究的重点。本研究的研究对象为小学二至六年级学生，首先对被试进行同伴提名测验，并把同伴关系描述为同伴接纳和同伴拒斥；把本学期语文和数学的期中考试成绩标准化后再相加作为学生的学业成绩。研究表明同伴关系（尤其是同伴接纳）对学业成绩有一定的影响作用，并且这种影响受制于年龄，低年级时影响小，高年级时影响较大。

关键词：小学生; 同伴关系；学业成绩

Abstract:Peer relationships are important background for the development of children's socialization, is to meet the social needs of children, social support, and source of security, affecting the development of pupils ' mental and social development. Compared with the early childhood, elementary school children interact more ordinary, form and content are becoming increasingly complex and diverse and profound. As a student, pupils ' academic achievement but also parents, school and community is particularly concerned. Between this, the study of peer relations and academic achievement of pupils as the focus of the study. 2-6 of the research object of study for primary school grades, first of all, try to be a peer-nominated quiz, and describes the relationship between peer to peer acceptance and rejection of the peer; Standardization of language and mathematics this semester mid-term exams grades then added as the student's academic performance. Research suggests that peer relationships (especially peer acceptance) has certain effects on academic achievement, and the effects are subject to age, little influence when junior, high grade a greater impact.

Key words:  Primary school students;  Peer relations;  Academic achievemen