摘要

　　　首先笔者对自主学习概念进行界定；其包括：关于自主学习理论的国内与国外的背景论述，关于自主学习概念的不同论断总述，关于自主学习的本质特征。其次分析初中生物实验教学的类型；其包括：初中生物演示实验的教学分析（其又分别剖析讲授知识型的演示实验教学、验证与巩固知识型的演示实验教学、指导性的演示实验教学），初中生物分组实验的教学分析，初中生物课外实验的教学分析。再次从学生内部因素与外部条件两个维度分析初中生物实验教学中影响学生自主学习能力的因素。最后根据学生的内部因素（个人因素）与学生的外部条件（社会因素）分别在初中生物演示实验教学、初中生物分组实验教学、初中生物课外实验教学中提出培养学生自主学习能力的策略。笔者运用文献综述法对其进行有条理的总结，有利于梳理相关的论断，为后续研究者提供参考与借鉴，具有一定的理论意义。更为重要的是这不仅丰富及发展关于自主学习理论的研究，且便于供初中生物实验教学参考。

关键词：初中生物；实验教学；自主学习能力；培养策略

ABSTRACT

　　　Firstly, the author of the autonomous learning concepts; including: autonomous learning theory of domestic and foreign background discussion on autonomous learning, concept of the different conclusion summary, on the essential characteristics of autonomous learning. Followed by the analysis of experimental teaching in Junior Biology type; including: junior middle school biology teaching analysis ( the analysis of teaching knowledge and experiment demonstration, validation and consolidate the knowledge demonstration teaching, guiding the teaching of biology in junior middle school ), a grouping experiment teaching in junior middle school biology analysis, extracurricular experiment teaching analysis of. Again from the students' internal factors and external conditions of the two dimension analysis of junior high school biology experiment teaching and students' autonomous learning ability in influence factors. Finally, according to the students' internal factors ( personal ) and students' external conditions ( social factors ) were in junior high school biology experiment teaching in junior middle school biology, grouping experiment teaching in junior middle school biology teaching, extracurricular experiment presented in cultivating students' ability of autonomous learning strategies. The author uses the method of literature review, the structured summary, in favor of sorting out the relevant judgment, for the follow-up research and reference, has a certain theoretical meaning. More important is it can not only enrich and development of autonomous learning theory, and is convenient for the junior high school biology experiment teaching.

Keywords: Middle School Biology;experimental teaching;autonomous learning ability;training strategy