摘  要：学校教育作为终身教育的一个重要环节，其任务不只是传授现有的知识，更重要的是培养学生的学习能力。学习能力，从其构成和实质来看，它是学科知识、技能、策略经过内化和概括化在学生头脑中形成的知识结构。构建合理的知识结构既是学生良好学习的结果，又是实现学生有效学习的前提。现行的教学测验往往只测查了学习者的知识内容，而对学习者的知识组织形式未能做出良好评价。本文综合国内外有关文献，阐述了研究知识结构的理论基础、知识结构的影响因素和特点、知识结构的测查方法，为教学和考察提供参考。

关键词：知识结构 组织

Abstract: As a most important part of lifelong education, the task of school education is not only inculcating the existing knowledge ,but also cultivating students' learning ability. The substance of learning ability is a knowledge structure which is an internalization and summarization of knowledge and skills and strategies in a student's thought. Constructing a reasonable knowledge structure is the result of student good learning, and the premise of realize students to learn effectively. The current teaching test often examined only knowledge of learners' content, but not the form of knowledge organization. Based on the literatures domestic and foreign, this paper expounded the basic theory of knowledge structure, influence factors and the characteristics of knowledge structure, as well as the methods to do a survey, in order to provide the reference for the teaching and the investigation.

Keywords：knowledge organization; structure