摘要:当一个数学问题摆在我们面前的时候，一系列的设想便接连而来：已知条件是什么？目标是什么？有些什么特点？该问题与哪些知识有关？是否知道与此题相关的问题等等。纵观数学解题，不难看出“类比法”是一种常用的解题方法。本文将对在解题过程中常用的五方面的类比：对比类比、类比构造、简化类比、辩证类比和正反类比进行阐述，并举例说明。

关键词: 类比  类比法  数学解题  解题方法

[Abstract] When a mathematical problem before us, a range of ideas from

Doomsday : known what conditions? What is the objective? What characteristics? The issues with which knowledge? Aware of this issue and related issues, and so on. Taking a panoramic view of mathematical problem solving, it is easy to see the "analogy" is a common problem-solving approach. This paper will be in the process of problem solving used in the five analogy to explain and illustrate. They are comparative analogy, analogous structure, simplify analog, and the positive and negative Syndrome analogy analogy

[Key words] : analog  analogy  solving mathematical  problem-solving methods 

“类比是一个伟大的引路人”（波利亚）“每当理智缺乏可靠论证的思路时，类比这个方法往往能指引我们前进”（康德）[ 1 ] 

    在新问题面前很自然的追忆过去，把解决某个问题的原则、方法“移植”过来，在解决旧问题的启发下，而获得解决新问题的方法，这种解题方法叫做类比法。 

    类比在数学解题中有着十分重要的作用，类比推理可用如下图示描述：