摘要

水利工程在为我国国民经济发展和社会进步发挥巨大作用的同时，也不可避免地产生巨大的淹没损失和大量的水库移民。土地是农民赖以生存的基础，水利工程建设必然导致大批农民失去土地。加之，水利工程建设属公益性基础设施建设，具有波及范围广，时限性强，移民对象特殊和非自愿性等特征，这就使得合理有效的补偿安置成为保障水利工程顺利完成的重要条件，是实现失地农民安居乐业的重要保障。我国现阶段的公益性征地制度、补偿制度还不够完善，使得农民的合法权益无法得到有效的制度保障；地方自身条件薄弱，农民自身的竞争能力较弱，导致失地农民转业、再就业困难。为维护移民区社会和谐安定，实现包括失地农民在内的移民生活水平有所提高，保障移民的合法权益是关键。笔者以向家坝水利工程绥江移民为例分析水利工程移民下的失地农民权益保护相关问题并提出相应解决问题的对策和建议。

关键词： 水利工程   公益性征地    失地农民   权益保护

ABSTRACT

　　　Water projects play a big role for China's national economic development and social progress, while also inevitably have a huge reservoir of flood losses and a large number of immigrants. Land is the basis of farmers live, water conservancy project construction will inevitably lead to a large number of farmers losing land. In addition, water conservancy project construction is a construction of public infrastructure, has spread to a wide range, strong time limits, special and features such as involuntary migration objects, which makes effective compensation and settlement became important condition for protection of water conservancy projects successfully completed, an important guarantee for farmers live and work. China's current system of land expropriation, compensation of the public system is not perfect, peasants ' legitimate rights and interests cannot be an effective system of protection where their weak condition, weaker farmers ' competitiveness, leading farmers to change jobs, employment difficulties. For the maintenance of migration area social harmonious stability, including immigration, an increase in living standards of the peasants, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrants is the key. The author to dam hydraulic engineering analysis of Suijiang immigrants, for example issues related to water resources projects under the protection of farmers ' rights and propose appropriate countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problem.

Keywords: Water Conservancy project；Public interest land acquisition；land-lost peasants；Rights protection